I.
the Spanish
in louisiana
A.
Settlement
1.
New
Iberia colony
a)
Southwestern
Louisiana
b)
Cattlemen,
migrating eastward out of Texas
c)
From mainland
Spain
2.
Islenos
a)
Came from
the Canary Islands
b)
Represented
an attempt by the Spanish reduce French influence
c)
Settled
in the Delacroix Island
B.
Cadastral Patterns
a)
Were far more interested in ranching
b)
Made land
grants on the Southwestern plain that were ranch-sized (~4,500 acres)
c)
Were ranchers,
not farmers
II.
French
A.
Settlement
1.
Settled first in Biloxi, Miss
a)
Was preferred by the French preferred Biloxi.
b)
Soils were poor in Biloxi, but it was a good ship anchorage.
2.
Natchitoches the earliest permanent settlement in 1714.
a)
Established to confirm French holdings in the area
b)
Established to improve trade/ cut in on trade with Spanish and Indians.
c)
Los Adais, established just west of Natchitoches, it competes and
complements Natchitoches. Los Adais was
believed to be on the other side of the Mississippi drainage basin, affirming
LaSalle’s earlier claim.
d)
Natchitoches had good soils and became the heart of a farming
region.
e)
Slaves were imported.
3.
Baton Rouge, Rapides, Natchitoches, Natchez, Pointe Coupee and
Les Allemands all count among the early settlements.
4.
New Orleans founded in 1718 by Bienville
a)
Was a portage site
b)
Was laid out on the high levee, but had to be elongated.
c)
Capital moved to New Orleans
in 1721.
B.
LongLot
or Arpent Cadastral System
1.
Drew from
levee high ground back too backswamps
2.
Grants
were 8 arpents wide, 40 deep (1,500 by 8,000 ft).
3.
Must clear
and improve the land in 3 years.
4.
Better
to own land on the outside bend of the river.
5.
Called
a “line settlement” “agglomerated”
a)
Community
cemeteries associated with centralized churches
6.
No primogeniture,
very thinly sliced property lines.
C.
Housing
1.
French
a)
Did not build log houses/cabins
b)
Poteaux en terre construction if logs used
c)
Few surviving specimens
2.
French Creoles
a)
Heavy timber constuction pegged together
b)
Filled with brick (briquette en poteaux), or clay (brousillage)
c)
Porch wall plastered, the other 3 exterior walls covered in
cypress clapboard siding
d)
Ensconced porches
e)
Gable end, sometimes with hipped roofs
f)
Central chimneys
g)
Paling picket fences surround the yard and near gardens
h)
Post and rail fences around the crops
i)
Livestock was penned.
D.
Foodways
1.
Avoided corn, ate wheat bread
E.
Placename Geography
1.
Bayou, prairie, coulee
III. English
A.
Settled largely in the Florida parishes
B.
Agriculture
1.
Generally were stuck in the hills
a)
Used slash and burn techniques
2.
Brought with them tobacco cultivation
3.
Also raised beef
a)
but they were left unattended for most of the year
b)
Fenced out of the cropland
C.
Cadastral patterns
1.
Metes and bounds
2.
More remote farmsteads
3.
Family cemeteries kept scraped.
D.
Housing
1.
Log construction popular
2.
End chimneys
3.
Types
a)
Dogtrot
b)
Saddlebag
c)
I-house
4.
Snake or worm split rail fences around crops
a)
Moveable
b)
Popular especially among the Scotch-Irish
c)
E.
Foodways
1.
Liked cornbread
F.
Placename Geography
III. Creek, branch